Topic: AntibioticsPregnancy risk category
Category A: Controlled human studies have demonstrated no fetal risk.
Category B: Animal studies indicate no fetal risk, but no human studies; or adverse effects in animals,
but not in well-controlled human studies. Category C: No adequate human or animal studies;
or adverse fetal effects in animal studies, but no available human data. Category D:
Evidence of fetal risk, but benefits outweigh risks. Category X: Evidence of fetal risk.
Risks outweigh any benefits.
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Antibiotics : Side Effects
Generally, breastfeeding is not recommended while taking antibiotics because of risk of alteration to infant's
intestinal flora, and risk of masking infection in the infant. Excessive or inappropriate use may promote
growth of resistant pathogens.
Penicillins: Hypersensitivity may be common, and cross allergenicity with cephalosporins has been reported.
Penicillins are classed as category B during pregnancy.
Cephalopsorins: Several cephalopsorins and related compounds have been associated with seizures.
Some drugs in this class may cause renal toxicity. Pregnancy category B.
Fluroquinolones: Lomefloxacin has been associated with increased photosensitivity. All drugs in
this class have been associated with convulsions. Pregnancy category C.
Tetracyclines: They may cause increased photosensitivity, dizziness. Do not use tetracyclines
in children under the age of eight, and specifically avoid during periods of tooth development.
Expired tetracycline should never be administered. Pregnancy category D, may cause alterations
in bone development.
Macrolides: Erythromycin may aggravate the weakness of patients with myasthenia gravis.
Oral erythromycin may be highly irritating to the stomach and when given by injection may cause severe
phlebitis. These drugs should be used with caution in patients with liver dysfunction.
Pregnancy category B: Azithromycin, erythromycin. Pregnancy category C: Clarithromycin, dirithromycin,
troleandomycin.
Aminoglycosides: This class of
drugs causes kidney and ototoxicity. These problems can occur even
with normal doses. Pregnancy category D.
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